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Industrial air quality management in Alberta is managed primarily through environmental assessment, approvals and enforcement.
Air quality for industrial facilities is primarily managed through environmental assessment, approvals and enforcement. The elements of industrial air quality management in Alberta are described below.
Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP) approvals cover all phases of an industrial operation:
These integrated approvals look at all environmental concerns, including:
Codes of Practice are used to regulate less complex activities. The code is enforceable and specifies all relevant environmental requirements.
Approvals can be issued for up to 10 years. The approvals process allows for public input and has an appeal mechanism through the Environmental Appeals Board.
Approvals issued under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act incorporate:
Determining emission limits for a given facility depends on the existing air quality, ambient air quality objectives and emission standards. Also considered are local meteorology and terrain, and surrounding emission sources.
These emission standards can be based on the nature of the air contaminant and its potential health and environmental effects; the nature of the industrial process and the appropriate air pollution control technology.
The compliance inspection program helps ensure that facilities meet the requirements of their AEP approvals or registrations.
Department inspectors can review and inspect all aspects of any facility's approval or registration, in one visit. The focus is on identifying and correcting areas of non-compliance. Significant non-compliance can result in enforcement action.
To address infractions of environmental laws, the department can issue warning letters, tickets, enforcement orders, or administrative penalties. The department can also prosecute, request/enforce court orders and cancel an approval.
Generally, companies experiencing difficulties in meeting AEP approval requirements voluntarily take appropriate action to achieve compliance.
Reporting of ambient air monitoring data and pollutant emissions in Alberta is mandated in individual operating approvals and by the province's Air Monitoring Directive.
Industry is required to submit monitoring reports to Alberta Environment and Parks. Reporting requirements are specified in approvals and vary depending on the substance, size and nature of the facility.
The reports summarize ambient and source monitoring data and provide information on the quality assurance and quality control measures performed to ensure accurate data.
Details on the reporting requirements of any individual approval may be found by using the authorization/approval viewer.
The Air Monitoring Directive contains reporting guidelines for industrial approval holders in Alberta. For more information, see:
Immediate reporting of certain types of environmental incidents is required under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act and its associated Release Reporting Regulation.
Releases causing air quality and odour complaints or measured exceedances of the Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives and Guidelines must be reported. For more information on how these complaints and reports are handled, see:
Approvals and codes generally specify monitoring requirements that carry the force of law. The intent is to require monitoring of all emission sources of environmental significance and the components of the environment that could be impacted by the industry. Compliance monitoring is considered part of the environmental cost of an industry doing business in Alberta and is consistent with the "polluter pays" principle.
Approvals for large industrial operations may include the monitoring of:
Industry compliance monitoring:
In these ways, compliance monitoring provides essential information on the environmental performance and impact of industrial operations.
Monitoring requirements are tailored for each industrial operation based on the types and quantities of emission and may vary within industry sectors.
Monitoring requirements in approvals and codes specify the following:
In general, the larger the emission source or the greater the potential for environmental impact, the more frequent and detailed the compliance monitoring requirements will be.
Results of compliance industry monitoring are important to Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), as they verify the general environmental performance of an industrial operation. The results also help the department assess compliance with specific performance requirements. Government and industry both have a stake in ensuring the reliability of compliance monitoring information.
It should be noted that it is a serious offence to fail to provide monitoring information or to provide false information.
AEP undertakes the following quality assurance and quality control activities related to compliance monitoring data:
Approvals have two types of in-stack emission monitoring requirements. Manual stack surveys are usually short duration tests. Effluent samples are collected from the stack by trained personnel in accordance with the Alberta Stack Sampling Code (periodically updated).
Facilities that emit large volumes of substances must carry out continuous emission monitoring with proven technology. The monitoring instruments are permanently installed on the stack and measurements are carried out year-around in accordance with the Alberta Continuous Emission Monitoring System code.
Volatile organic compounds can be emitted from leaking process equipment and piping. These are commonly termed fugitive emissions. Industries, especially organic chemical plants, are required through their approvals to implement monitoring that will detect leaks of such compounds. Prompt repairs or replacement are required and must be reported to Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP).
Where emission rates are small and/or field test methods do not exist, source emissions can be estimated by mass balances, with periodic testing of the concentration of pollutants. This information may be subject to reporting to AEP.
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