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Part of K to 12 funding

K to 12 funding model

Learn how this flexible and predictable funding approach helps the education system deliver the best outcomes for children and students.

Overview

The education funding model is designed as an allocation framework to distribute funding to school authorities, considering enrolment alongside social and demographic factors.

Enrolment is a primary factor in our funding formula. All school authorities, whether they are growing, shrinking or remaining the same size, benefit from the predictability and sustainability of the funding model.

The K to 12 education funding model:

  • gives flexibility to school authorities to determine how best to invest taxpayer dollars
  • protects our most vulnerable students by providing funding to support specialized learning needs or groups of students who may require additional supports from school authorities
  • uses an average enrolment methodology, rather than a 1-year enrolment count after the school year has started, to provide more predictability in funding and to shield school authorities with declining enrolment
  • minimizes red tape
  • ensures accountability through a combination of funding policies, processes, actions and evidence

How we got here

In September 2020, the funding model was updated for the first time in 15 years. We met with each public, separate, charter and francophone school jurisdiction, along with other education partners, in the fall of 2019 to discuss ways to improve the school funding process.

School jurisdictions identified 3 main areas where funding processes could improve:

  • provide more predictable funding, so they can better plan for each school year
  • allow more flexibility in how they spend provincial dollars, based on their school and community needs
  • reduce red tape

In March 2025, with student enrolment continuing to grow, we took further action to better support our school authority partners by ensuring projected student enrolments account for a larger portion of the allocated funding.

Starting in the 2025/26 school year, the funding model will provide funding based on a 2-year adjusted enrolment instead of a 3-year one.

This is a move that many school authorities requested, as it is more responsive to growth in metro and urban jurisdictions, while still shielding those with declining enrolment.

Benefits

Money to classrooms

Alberta's K to 12 funding model ensures funds are directed to classrooms by providing a targeted grant for system administration, instead of a percentage of overall funding.

This standardizes administrative and governance spending, keeping it to a reasonable range while maximizing dollars for classrooms.

The model also simplifies grants to reduce red tape for school authorities.

Predictable funding

School authorities know how much funding is available by the end of April each year, instead of September when the school year has already started.

Using an average enrolment methodology:

  • minimizes the need for mid-year adjustments to budgets and staffing
  • creates better alignment between the school year and the government’s fiscal year
  • gives boards more predictability in their planning and budgeting processes

Small rural schools are funded through a block-funding model to ensure long-term viability and to make sure small rural schools have the money they need to offer educational programming.

Improved accountability

Our assurance framework builds on the strengths of the Accountability Pillar.

School authorities develop education plans identifying priorities and areas for improvement. The framework includes measures to keep school boards accountable for student outcomes, community engagement and continuous improvement.

They use a core set of provincial measures to report on results, creating a clear picture of how well the education system works.

Grant funding

  • Average enrolment methodology

    We use the average enrolment methodology for almost all K to 12 education grants.

    From the 2020/21 school year to the 2024/25 school year, a 3-year average was calculated by assigning a larger weighting to the more recent year's enrolment than weighting on the previous year’s enrolment. This made it easier for school authorities to predict enrolment and minimized the needs to adjust their revenue forecasts or staffing levels throughout the school year.

    From the 2020/21 school year to the 2024/25 school year, the weighting was the following:

    School yearWeighted factorEnrolment count
    Previous20%Actual
    Current30%Estimates
    Next50%Projection

    Starting in the 2025/26 school year, the model moves to a 2-year methodology with:

    • 30% of the funding based on the current school year’s enrolment
    • 70% based on upcoming year projections provided by school authorities

    Beginning in the 2025/26 school year, the weighting will be the following:

    School yearWeighted factorEnrolment count
    Current30%Estimates
    Next70%Projection
  • Simplified grant structure

    Alberta's education funding model minimizes red tape and gives flexibility to school authorities to determine how best to invest taxpayer dollars. The model, introduced in 2020, reduced the number of grants from 36 in the previous framework to 15.

    These 15 major grants fit into 5 categories:

    CategoriesGrants
    Base instruction
    • Kindergarten
    • Grades 1 to 9
    • High school
    • Rural schools
    Services and support
    • Specialized learning support
    • Program Unit Funding (PUF)
    • English as a Second Language (ESL) / Francisation
    • Refugee
    • First Nations, Métis, and Inuit
    School
    • Operations and maintenance
    • Transportation
    Community
    • Socioeconomic status
    • Geographic
    • Nutrition
    Jurisdiction
    • System administration
  • Base instruction grants

    Kindergarten and Grade 1 to Grade 9

    The base instruction grants allocate funding equitably on the average enrolment methodology to ensure that every school in Alberta can deliver predictable and sustainable basic instructional programming.

    This model focuses on programming for student needs and outcomes.

    High school

    High school funding moved from the Credit Enrolment Unit (CEU) models used prior to 2020/21 to one model based on average enrolment.

    We eliminated the Carnegie Unit, removed grants and reporting and focused on a single base instruction rate for high school. The exception is summer school, which remains on the CEU model with a cap of 10 CEUs but at a lower rate to reflect its cost.

    High school funding is approximately 10% more than Kindergarten to Grade 9 to account for the increased cost of programming.

    Student choice is a critical part of this model. It ensures there is support for options like:

    • distance education
    • online education
    • outreach
    • home education
    • summer school

    Rural Small Schools

    Rural Small Schools are schools located in rural areas or small population centres (with a population below 30,000) as defined by Statistics Canada.

    Average enrolment determines the enrolment thresholds of the small rural schools eligible to receive this grant.

    The block funding is based on enrolment, with different amounts for different student populations.

    Alberta's K to 12 funding model recognizes the unique challenges rural jurisdictions face operating schools and delivering education services.

  • Services and support grants

    The Education Act establishes specific obligations for school jurisdictions as they relate to students who may be in need of specialized supports and services.

    School boards must provide a range of supports and services for students consistent with the principles of inclusive education.

    Alberta's K to 12 funding model recognizes the importance of providing a range of services for students who need them and ensures school jurisdictions have the flexibility to support the unique needs of every student.

    It recognizes and fund grants such as:

    • Program Unit Funding (PUF)
    • English as a Second Language (ESL)/Francisation
    • Refugee
    • First Nations, Métis and Inuit
  • School grants

    Operations and maintenance funding changed from a per student model to a model that considers utilized and underutilized space (75%) and per student funding (25%).

    We worked with each Alberta school authority on the school space calculations to use in calculating the grant and considered school division concerns over rising insurance rates.

  • Community grants

    The allocations are based on 2 aspects, student enrolment and socio-economic and geographic challenges faced by school authorities.

    The school nutrition grant supports students across the province with a daily nutritious meal.

  • Jurisdiction grants

    System administration funding is allocated under the funding model.

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